HJ 1453-2026 “Ubwino wa Madzi – Kuzindikira Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni ndi Cr – Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry” yatulutsidwa mwalamulo ngati maziko ofunikira pozindikira zitsulo zolemera mu ubwino wa madzi ndipo idzayamba kugwira ntchito pa Meyi 1, 2026. Muyezo uwu umapereka mafotokozedwe aukadaulo ovomerezeka komanso odalirika pozindikira zinthu zisanu zofunika kwambiri zachitsulo cholemera m'madzi apamwamba, pansi pa nthaka, zimbudzi zapakhomo ndi madzi otayira m'mafakitale. Poyang'aniridwa molimbika komanso zosowa zapamwamba zozindikira, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry idzakhala njira yofunika yothandizira kuyang'anira zitsulo zolemera mu ubwino wa madzi ndi kukhudzidwa kwake kwakukulu, malire otsika ozindikira komanso makhalidwe okhwima komanso okhazikika.
BFRL WFX-220A Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Kuyesera 1
1.1 Kukonzekera kwa chida ndi reagent
WFX-220A Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer: BFRL;
Chotenthetsera cha microwave ndi chotenthetsera chamagetsi chothandizira kutentha kwanzeru: Yiyao Technology, M3;
Njira yokhazikika ya Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr (1000 μg/mL); Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, ndi palladium nitrate zonse ndi zoyera kwambiri.
1.2 Kukonzekera zitsanzo
Mukatha kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo, onjezerani nitric acid yokwanira kuti musinthe acidity kukhala pH≤2, sungani pamalo amdima, ndikuyeza mkati mwa masiku 40.
Yesani molondola 25.0 mL ya zitsanzo za madzi pamwamba pa nthaka mu thanki yoyeretsera microwave, onjezerani 3 mL ya nitric acid ndi 1 mL ya hydrochloric acid, ndikuziyika mu microwave digester kuti zigayidwe (Table 1). Mukamaliza kugaya, ziziritseni kutentha kwa chipinda, ikani pa electric thermal digester, ndikusandutsa yankholo kuti liume. Chotsani ndikuziziritsa, sambitsani khoma lamkati ndi 1% nitric acid osachepera katatu, sinthani ku chubu cha 25ml colorimetric, chepetsani voliyumu ndi 1% nitric acid kupita ku reticle, gwedezani bwino, ndikuyesedwa.
Gome 1 Njira yotenthetsera kugaya kwa microwave
| Kutentha kwa chimbudzi | Kutentha nthawi (mphindi) | Kugwira nthawi (mphindi) |
| Kutentha kwa chipinda→120℃ | 0 | 3 |
| 120→150℃ | 0 | 3 |
| 150→180℃ | 0 | 20 |
1.3 Mikhalidwe yoyesera
Kusanthula kwa ma atomu pogwiritsa ntchito ma spectroscopy kunagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 2 pansipa.
Gome 2. Malamulo ofunikira a chida cha ng'anjo ya graphite
| Chinthu | Cu | Pb | Cd | Ni | Cr |
| Nyali yamakono | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Kutalika kwa mafunde | 324.7 | 283.3 | 228.8 | 232 | 357.9 |
| Bandwidth ya Spectral | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Kutentha kouma (℃)/Nthawi (s) | 120/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 |
| Kutentha kwa phulusa (℃)/Nthawi (s) | 900/30 | 550/15 | 550/15 | 800/15 | 850/15 |
| Kutentha kwa atomization (℃) / Nthawi (s) | 2300/3 | 2200/3 | 2000/3 | 2500/4 | 2500/3 |
| Jekeseni voliyumu (μL) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa Matrix improver (μL) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Njira yokonza maziko | Nyali ya Deuterium | Nyali ya Deuterium | Nyali ya Deuterium | Nyali ya Deuterium | Nyali ya Deuterium |
Kapangidwe ka matrix improver: yesani 0.1g ya palladium nitrate, onjezerani 1mL ya nitric acid (2.1) kuti isungunuke, ndikuyika voliyumuyo kufika pa 100mL ndi madzi a labotale.
Kujambula ma curve ogwira ntchito: Mayankho okhazikika a Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni ndi Cr (1000 μg/mL) omwe amapezeka m'masitolo adachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikukonzedwa mu 50 μg/L, 10 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 30 μg/L, ndi 10 μg/L ya yankho logwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo curve yosinthira ya dilution ya single-point idachitidwa ndi autosampler.
2 Zotsatira ndi zokambirana
Pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyesera yosankhidwa, ubale wa mzere unali wabwino pa 0~50μg/L ya Cu, 0~10μg/L ya Pb, 0~1μg/L ya Cd, 0~30μg/L ya Ni, ndi 0~10μg/L ya Cr, yomwe imatha kufika pa 0.999; Mzere woyeserera ukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1~Chithunzi 5 pansipa.
Chithunzi 1: Mzere wozungulira wa Cu
Chithunzi 2: Mzere wozungulira wa Pb
Chithunzi 3: Mzere wozungulira wa Cd
Chithunzi 4: Mzere wozungulira wa Ni calibration
Chithunzi 5 Cr calibration curve
Yankho lopanda kanthu linakonzedwa motsatira njira yoyesera ndipo miyeso 11 inachitika, ndipo malire ozindikira njira yowerengera anali 17.34pg ya Cu, 1.51pg ya Pb, 0.42pg ya Cd, 17.77pg ya Ni, ndi 1.28pg ya Cr.
Zitsanzo za madzi pamwamba omwe adakonzedwa adayesedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yosankhidwa yoyesera, ndipo zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3 pansipa.
Gome 3Zotsatira za kutsimikiza kwa zitsanzo za madzi pamwamba
| Chinthu | Chitsanzo 1 | Chitsanzo 2 | ||
| Miyezo yoyezedwa （μg/L） | Kuchuluka kwa kuchira komwe kwakwera (%) | Miyezo yoyezedwa （μg/L） | Kuchuluka kwa kuchira komwe kwakwera (%) | |
| Cu | 18.7 | 94.5 | 24.2 | 92.1 |
| Pb | 1.2 | 97.8 | 1.4 | 99.6 |
| Cd | ＜0.06 | 91.2 | ＜0.06 | 94.5 |
| Ni | 7.9 | 102.3 | 8.2 | 97.4 |
| Cr | 1.3 | 105.5 | 1.8 | 96.9 |
Zipangizo zofotokozera za Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, ndi Cr zinayesedwa kasanu ndi kawiri motsatizana, ndipo zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 4 pansipa.
Gome 4Zotsatira za Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, ndi Cr
| chinthu | nambala | mtengo wolinganizidwa （μg/L） | Miyeso （μg/L） | Kupatuka kwa muyezo woyerekeza (%) |
| Cu | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 497±25 | 522.00 | 1.9 |
| Pb | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 0.241±0.012 | 0.243 | 2.1 |
| Cd | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 0.138±0.008 | 0.137 | 1.5 |
| Ni | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 258±14 | 253.4 | 2.6 |
Kuchokera pa Matebulo 3 ndi 4, kuchira kwa Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni ndi Cr m'madzi oyenda pamwamba ndi 91.2% ~ 105.5%, ndipo kusiyana kwa muyezo kwa chitsanzo chokhazikika ndi 1.5% ~ 2.6% pa miyeso 7 yofanana.
3 Mapeto
Malinga ndi zofunikira za "Subface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002), kuchuluka kwa Cu, Pb, Cd ndi Ni m'madzi apamwamba kumakwaniritsa muyezo wa madzi a Class II. Nthawi ino, WFX-220A atomic absorption spectrophotometer idagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni ndi Cr ponena za HJ 1453-2026 "Kudziwa Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni ndi Cr mu Ubwino wa Madzi ndi Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry", ndipo zotsatira za mulingo wocheperako wozindikira, kulondola kwa zitsanzo ndi kulondola zinali zokhutiritsa.
WFX-220A atomic absorption spectrophotometer ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulondola bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa automation, lawi ndi graphite furnace zimatha kusinthana kamodzi kokha, kuphatikiza ndi mayendedwe olondola kwambiri komanso mapulogalamu anzeru okhala ndi database yomangidwa mkati, ntchito yosavuta komanso yothandiza. Nthawi yomweyo, chidachi chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake kosamalira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo chili ndi zolumikizira zambiri zachitetezo komanso chitetezo chowongolera kutentha chomwe chimaphatikiza mapulogalamu ndi zida kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, chimathandizanso njira yamoto yotentha kwambiri, njira ya hydride ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonjezerera za autosampler, zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa za kusanthula kwachitsulo poteteza chilengedwe, chakudya ndi mankhwala ndi madera ena.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-15-2026